Tõnu Kaljuste is internationally acclaimed as both a choral and orchestral conductor. A landmark achievement is his 2014 Grammy win in the Best Choral Performance category for Arvo Pärt's "Adam’s Lament." His recordings have been repeatedly nominated for Grammy Awards. Notably, Kaljuste's albums have been recognized in various categories. The opera "David and Bathsheba" by Norwegian composer Ståle Kleiberg, as well as symphonic music, have both received Grammy nominations. In 2019, he won the International Classical Music Award with the Wrocław Philharmonic Orchestra for the recording of Arvo Pärt's Symphonies Nos. 1-4. Kaljuste has collaborated with recording studios such as ECM Records, Virgin Classic, BIS, and Caprice Records. His albums have also won several other awards, including the Cannes Classical Award (1999), Diapason d’Or (2000), Edison Prize (2000), and Classic Brit Award (2003).
From 2010 to 2020, Tõnu Kaljuste was a professor and head of conducting studies at the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre. He is the founder of the Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir and the Tallinn Chamber Orchestra and has also been the chief conductor of the Swedish Radio Choir and the Netherlands Chamber Choir. Kaljuste has collaborated with prominent figures of North and Eastern European modernism such as Alfred Schnittke, György Kurtág, Krzysztof Penderecki, Gia Kancheli, and Einojuhani Rautavaara. He has established himself as an expert and promoter of Estonian composers Arvo Pärt, Erkki-Sven Tüür, Veljo Tormis, and Heino Eller.
Since 2004, Kaljuste has been the artistic director of Nargen Opera, a project theater he founded. Since 2006, the Nargen Festival has been held under his leadership. The festival is framed by Cyrillus Kreek Days in June and Arvo Pärt Days in September. Kaljuste also collaborates closely with the Baltic Sea Festival in Stockholm.
In 2019, the Swedish Radio Choir and Berwaldhallen bestowed upon Tõnu Kaljuste the honorary title of Conductor Laureate. Since September 2019, Tõnu Kaljuste has been the artistic director of the Tallinn Philharmonic and the Tallinn Chamber Orchestra.